Depression in bipolar disorder (BD) patients presents major clinical challenges. As the
predominant psychopathology even in treated BD, depression is associated not only with …

We summarize evidence supporting contemporary pharmacological treatment of phases of
BD, including: mania, depression, and long-term recurrences, emphasizing findings from …

Objective Developing categorical diagnoses that have biological meaning within the clinical
phenotype of psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar I disorder with …

Objective To compare characteristics of bipolar disorder patients diagnosed as DSM-5 types
I (BD-1) vs. II (BD-2). Methods We compared descriptive, psychopathological, and treatment …

Background: Episode duration, recurrence rates, and time spent in manic and depressive
phases of bipolar disorder (BD) is not well defined for subtypes of the disorder. Methods: We …

Bipolar disorders (BPD) are major, lifelong psychiatric illnesses found in 2–5% of the
population. Prognosis for BPD was once considered relatively favorable, but contemporary …

Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and/or mania along
with interepisodic mood symptoms that interfere with psychosocial functioning. Despite …

Emil Kraepelin developed a new psychiatric nosology in the eight editions of his textbook.
Previous papers have explored his construction of particular diagnoses, including dementia …

Introduction: Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and/or
mania along with interepisodic mood symptoms that interfere with psychosocial functioning …

Depressive phases are the most prevalent component of bipolar disorders, even with
modern treatment. Bipolar depressive morbidity is often misdiagnosed and is limited in …