Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the genus
Betacoronavirus within the family Coronaviridae. It is an enveloped single-stranded positive …

Initially described as an interferon (IFN) γ‐inducing factor, interleukin (IL)‐18 is indeed
involved in Th1 and NK cell activation, but also in Th2, IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells and …

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging
from mild febrile illness and cough up to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ …

Excessive cytokine signaling frequently exacerbates lung tissue damage during respiratory
viral infection. Type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and III (IFN-λ) interferons are host-produced antiviral …

Laboratory mice, while paramount for understanding basic biological phenomena, are
limited in modeling complex diseases of humans and other free-living mammals. Because …

Lower and upper respiratory infections are the fourth highest cause of global mortality.
Epidemic and pandemic outbreaks of respiratory infection are a major medical concern …

2018 marks the 100-year anniversary of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed~ 50
million people worldwide. The severity of this pandemic resulted from a complex interplay …

The microbiota is known to modulate the host response to influenza infection through as-yet-
unclear mechanisms. We hypothesized that components of the microbiota exert effects …

This Viewpoint discusses insights from basic science and clinical perspectives on
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 …

Influenza viruses are a major pathogen of both humans and animals. Recent studies using
gene-knockout mice have led to an in-depth understanding of the innate sensors that detect …