Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are successfully used in the therapy of
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the molecular mechanism of action of these …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are part of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
(IBD) and have pathophysiological processes such as bowel necrosis and enteric neurons …

TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine with strong proinflammatory and immunomodulatory
properties. TNF-α plays a critical role in many acute or chronic inflammatory diseases and …

Aside from being the precursors of the Ab-secreting cells, B cells are engaged in other
immune functions such as Ag presentation to T cells or cytokine production. These functions …

Fusarium mycotoxins are fungal metabolites whose ability to affect cereal grains as multi-
contaminants is progressively increasing. The trichothecene mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and …

In the last few years, advances in immunology, metabolomics and microbial ecology have
shown that the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the overall health status of the host …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is enzymatically generated in mammalian cells alongside the
liberation of iron and the production of biliverdin and bilirubin. This occurs during the …

Background Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme involved in
pyrimidine biosynthesis. DHODH is a known target for the treatment of autoimmune …

Ischemic colitis is resulted from an inadequate blood supply to a segment or entire colon.
Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), extracted from salmon sperm, has been reported to exert …

Background. Neurogenic neuroinflammation has a wide role in migraine pathogenesis
including the transition from episodic migraine to chronic one. The seed molecule of …