G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins in
the human genome and are important therapeutic targets. During the last decade, the …

The airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell plays a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma and
constitutes an important target for treatment. These cells control muscle tone and thus …

Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to
the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A …

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) mediated calcium (Ca 2+)-signaling transduction
remains crucial in designing drugs for various complex diseases including …

Prostaglandins (PGs) are a family of lipid compounds that are derived from arachidonic acid
via the cyclooxygenase pathway, and consist of PGD2, PGI2, PGE2, PGF2, and …

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are widely acknowledged pharmacological targets yet are still
underutilized in clinical practice. Their ubiquitous distribution in almost all cells and tissues …

A variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis
of pulmonary fibrosis, largely through their promotion of profibrotic fibroblast activation. By …

Lungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact
directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory …

Background Albuterol is the first-line asthma medication used in diverse populations.
Although DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic mechanism involved in asthma and …

The β 2-adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR), a prototypic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a
powerful driver of bronchorelaxation, but the effectiveness of β-agonist drugs in asthma is …