Perhaps the most salient behaviors that individuals engage in involve the avoidance of
aversive experiences and the pursuit of pleasurable experiences. Engagement in these …

The progression from recreational drug use to drug addiction impacts multiple
neurobiological processes and can be conceptualized as a transition from positive to …

BACKGROUND: Cocaine dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by
periods of abstinence and high rates of return to drug using behavior. Elevated levels of …

The temporal pattern of drug use (pharmacokinetics) has a profound effect on the ability of
self‐administered cocaine to produce addiction‐like behavior in rodents, and to change the …

Background Cocaine addiction is characterized by patterns of compulsive drug-taking,
including preoccupation with obtaining cocaine and loss of control over drug intake. The …

Stress-like symptoms are an integral part of acute and protracted drug withdrawal, and
several lines of evidence have shown that dysregulation of brain stress systems, including …

In humans, adolescence is a period of heightened propensity to develop cocaine addiction.
It is unknown whether this is attributable to greater access and exposure to cocaine at this …

Stressful events are determinants of relapse in recovering cocaine addicts. Excessive
cocaine use may increase susceptibility to stressor-induced relapse through alterations in …

Abstract Ca 2+-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) accumulate in the nucleus
accumbens (NAc) after∼ 1 month of withdrawal from a long-access cocaine self …

It is increasingly recognized that studying drug taking in laboratory animals does not equate
to studying genuine addiction, characterized by loss of control over drug use. This has …