Hypoxia is a hallmark of inflamed, infected or damaged tissue, and the adaptation to
inadequate tissue oxygenation is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs are key …

Kidney involvement confers significant morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) involves diverse …

Sweet's syndrome, also known as Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis, is a rare
inflammatory condition. It is considered to be the prototype disease of neutrophilic …

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are autoantibody-mediated diseases
clinically characterized by blisters and erosions of skin and/or mucous membranes. Immune …

Glomerulonephritis is traditionally considered to result from the invasion of the kidney by
autoantibodies and immune complexes from the circulation or following their formation in …

T helper 17 (TH17) cells are implicated in autoimmune diseases, and several metabolic
processes are shown to be important for their development and function. In this study, we …

Background Potential biologic therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a growing field of
interest and research. Biologics target specific immune cells or inflammatory pathways …

Extraglandular manifestations (EGMs) in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) represent the
clinical expression of the systemic involvement in this disease. EGMs are characterized by a …

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-systemic inflammatory disorder consisting of recurrent oral
aphthosis, genital ulcers, and chronic relapsing bilateral uveitis; however, many other …

TGF-β1 is an important growth factor to promote the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) and
regulatory T cells (Treg). The potential of TGF-β1 as therapeutic target in T cell-mediated …