Background The pain that women experience during labour is affected by multiple
physiological and psychosocial factors and its intensity can vary greatly. Most women in …

The pain of childbirth is arguably the most severe pain most women will endure in their
lifetimes. The pain of the early first stage of labor arises from dilation of the lower uterine …

With more than one third of pregnancies in the United States being delivered by cesarean
and the growing knowledge of morbidities associated with repeat cesarean deliveries, the …

Obstetric anesthesia has evolved over the course of its history to encompass comprehensive
aspects of maternal care, ranging from cesarean delivery anesthesia and labor analgesia to …

A 30-year-old pregnant woman is undergoing induction of labor and is experiencing severe
pain despite intravenous opioid administration. Epidural analgesia is recommended …

Neuraxial analgesic techniques are the gold standards for pain relief during labour and
delivery. Despite the increased use and known benefits of neuraxial labour analgesia, there …

BACKGROUND: Low concentrations of local anesthetics (LCLAs) are increasingly popular
for epidural labor analgesia. The effects of epidural analgesia with low concentrations of …

When investigating different methods of maternal pain relief in labour, neonatal outcome has
not always been at the forefront, or else maternal changes, such as haemodynamics, fever …

Purpose We aimed to clarify whether the short-term adverse neonatal outcomes associated
with epidural analgesia are due to the epidural analgesia itself or to the instrumental …

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the development of maternal fever during
epidural analgesia could be due to intrapartum infection. We investigated whether antibiotic …