The kidneys play a key role in maintaining total body homeostasis. The complexity of this
task is reflected in the unique architecture of the organ. Ureteral obstruction greatly affects …

An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to
the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is …

Background: Exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is ubiquitous and has
been associated with an increased risk of several cardiometabolic diseases. However, the …

Heart failure (HF) is one of the greatest problems in healthcare and it often coexists with
declining renal function. The pathophysiology between the heart and the kidneys is …

Background and aim The symptoms of acute kidney injury (AKI) include a sudden drop-in
glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a rise in serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) …

With a global burden of 844 million, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now considered a
public health priority. Cardiovascular risk is pervasive in this population, and low-grade …

Hippuric acid (HA) is a metabolite resulting from the hepatic glycine conjugation of benzoic
acid (BA) or from the gut bacterial metabolism of phenylalanine. BA is generally produced by …

Abstract Purpose of Review We reviewed reasons for the high cardiovascular risk (CVD) of
patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and explored alternatives to treatment of …

Fibrosis is a pathological process associated with most chronic inflammatory diseases. It is
defined by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and can affect nearly …

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a vital role in human health, with increasing evidence linking
its imbalance to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Although the exact …