The endothelium is a single layer of epithelium covering the surface of the vascular system,
and it represents a physical barrier between the blood and vessel wall that plays an …

Oxidative stress is a complex biological process characterized by the excessive production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as destroyers of the REDOX balance in the body …

Background Empagliflozin has been reported to protect endothelial cell function, regardless
of diabetes status. However, the role of empagliflozin in microvascular protection during …

Ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced
during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute …

The heart is the most metabolically flexible organ with respect to the use of substrates
available in different states of energy metabolism. Cardiac mitochondria sense substrate …

Mitochondria, the membrane-bound cell organelles that supply most of the energy needed
for cell function, are highly regulated, dynamic organelles bearing the ability to alter both …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality and their
pathogenesis lies mainly in the atherosclerotic process. There are close connections linking …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a salient feature of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
(MIRI), while the potential mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics disorder remains unclear …

Timely restoration of blood supply after myocardial ischemia is imperative for the treatment
of acute myocardial infarction but causes additional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) …

Limited by spatial and temporal resolution, traditional optical microscopy cannot image the
delicate ultra-structure organelles and sub-organelles. The emergence of super-resolution …