Suppression of antitumor immune responses is one of the main mechanisms by which tumor
cells escape from destruction by the immune system. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells …

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy are the
gold standard options for treating prostate cancer (PCa). These are initially effective, as …

Background Injectable luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonists (eg, leuprolide) are
the standard agents for achieving androgen deprivation for prostate cancer despite the initial …

The androgen-signaling axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
Since the landmark discovery by Huggins and Hodges, gonadal depletion of androgens has …

On the basis of the high and consistent expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen
(PSMA) in metastatic prostate cancer (PC), the goal of this study was the development …

Background Hormonal therapy targeting the androgen receptor inhibits prostate cancer
(PCa), but the tumor eventually recurs as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical
functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the …

Background Bone metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men with
prostate cancer. Preclinical studies suggest that osteoclast inhibition might prevent bone …

The oligometastatic state has been proposed as an intermediate stage of cancer spread
between localized disease and widespread metastases. With improvements in diagnostic …

This review examines the relationship between physical activity and cancer along the
cancer continuum, and serves as a synthesis of systematic and meta-analytic reviews …