Cellular responses to toxic metals depend on metal accessibility to intracellular targets,
reaching interaction sites, and the intracellular metal concentration, which is mainly …

Nearly 50 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are encoded by mammalian genomes.
These transporters are characterized by conserved nucleotide-binding and hydrolysis (ie …

Bilirubin is mainly generated from the breakdown of heme when red blood cells reach the
end of their lifespan. Accumulation of bilirubin in human body usually leads to various …

The overexpression of the human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer cells is
a common mechanism involved in developing multidrug resistance (MDR). Unfortunately …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary factors that produces treatment failure in
patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex multifactorial phenomenon …

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is characterized by the resistance of cancer cells to a broad
spectrum of anticancer drugs. The main mechanism underlying the MDR phenotype is the …

Here we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), double electron-electron resonance
spectroscopy (DEER), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to capture and …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, acting as cellular “pumps,” facilitate solute
translocation through membranes via ATP hydrolysis. Their overexpression is closely tied to …

Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human
physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most …

The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has a major function in maintaining brain homeostasis by
regulating the entry of molecules from the blood to the brain. Key players in BBB function are …