Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be
studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to …

Increased UV-B radiation on the earth's surface due to depletion of stratospheric ozone layer
is one of the changes of current climate-change pattern. The deleterious effects of UV-B …

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first step of the phenylpropanoid
pathway, which produces precursors to a variety of important secondary metabolites …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic metabolism and potent agents
that cause oxidative damage. In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria …

Light induced damage of the photosynthetic apparatus is an important and highly complex
phenomenon, which affects primarily the Photosystem II complex. Here the author …

Light drives photosynthesis, but at the same time, light also damages the photosynthesis
machinery. The damaging reaction is termed photoinhibition, and its target is Photosystem II …

Photosystem II (PSII) uses the energy from red light to split water and reduce quinone, an
energy-demanding process based on chlorophyll a (Chl-a) photochemistry. Two types of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the damage and response of cyanobacteria
to UV-B irradiation. In cyanobacteria, there are several targets for the potentially toxic ROS …

Photosystem II is frequently undergoing photoinduced damages targeted to its reaction
center in a process normally referred to as photoinhibition. Photosynthesis is maintained …

D. Quinones E. Pigments III. UV-B Effects on Net Photosynthesis IV. UV-B Effects on PSII A.
The Structure and Function of PSII B. Inhibition of PSII Electron Transport by UV-B 1. The …