Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Egg capsules of the gastropod Acanthina monodon were maintained during the entire
period of encapsulated development at three temperatures (10, 15, 20° C) and two pCO 2 …

Anthopleura hermaphroditica is an intertidal anemone that lives semi-buried in soft
sediments of estuaries and releases its brooded embryos directly to the benthos, being …

Among calyptraeid gastropods, males become females as they get older, and egg capsules
containing developing embryos are maintained beneath the mother's shell until the …

Intertidal animals experience reduced feeding times and differentiated respiratory capacity
associated with aerial exposure, the duration of which depends on their location within the …

The estuarine slipper limpet Crepipatella dilatata is a gastropod that can survive prolonged
periods of low salinities (< 24 PSU) caused by tidal changes and/or prolonged periods of …

Acanthina monodon commonly deposits its egg capsules in the intertidal zone. Capsule
aerial exposure during low-tide can impact oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of embryos …

As a consequence of climate change, benthic marine species that inhabit the sub-Antarctic
oceans could be impacted as a result of changes in temperature and salinity that are …

Encapsulated embryos are generally thought to play an active role in escaping from egg
capsules or egg masses. However, for species that brood their egg capsules, the factors …

Desiccation is an important limiting factor in the intertidal zone. Generally decreasing
seaward, desiccation stress can also be alleviated in wet microhabitats. Juvenile snails are …