Shear stress differentially regulates production of many vasoactive factors at the level of
gene expression in endothelial cells that may be mediated by mitogen-activated protein …

Genotoxic stress triggers signalling pathways that either mediate cell killing or protection of
affected cells. While induction of p53 is observed for most of the genotoxins, activation of …

Staurosporine, a microbial alkaloid, is a strong inhibitor of protein kinases. We induced
apoptosis in murine osteoblast MC3T3E-1 cells by exposure to the staurosporine …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is believed to function as an
important regulator of prostaglandin biosynthesis. Previously we reported that interleukin-1β …

The signal transduction pathways by which ischemia‐reperfusion leads to apoptosis may
involve the JNK pathway, ceramide generation, and inhibition of protective PKC pathways …

Low‐energy laser irradiation (LELI) has been shown to promote skeletal muscle
regeneration in vivo and to activate skeletal muscle satellite cells, enhance their proliferation …

Over the past decade, the involvement of tyrosine kinases in signal transduction pathways
evoked by cytokines has been intensively investigated. Only relatively recently have the …

Many growth factors are known to bind and activate either receptors possessing an intrinsic
protein-tyrosine kinase activity (Yarden et al., 1986), or those that transmit signals to the …

ABSTRACT c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38, two distinct members of the
mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, regulate gene expression in response to …

Suppression of the host defense is one of the hallmarks of Yersinia enterocolitica infection.
This enteric pathogen resists phagocytosis and interferes with macrophage functions from …