Biochar is produced as a charred material with high surface area and abundant functional
groups by pyrolysis, which refers to the process of thermochemical decomposition of organic …

E‐cigarette aerosols are exceedingly different from conventional tobacco smoke, containing
dozens of chemicals not found in cigarette smoke. It is highly likely that chronic use of e …

The topic of e-cigarettes is controversial. Opponents focus on e-cigarettes' risks for young
people, while supporters emphasize the potential for e-cigarettes to assist smokers in …

Introduction Although the use of combustible cigarettes has decreased in many urban
regions of America, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has dramatically …

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have attracted much attention as a new substitute for
conventional cigarettes. E-cigarettes are first exposed to the respiratory system after …

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) such as e‐cigarettes and heated tobacco
products are novel battery‐operated devices that deliver nicotine without combustion of …

The harm caused by cigarette smoking is overwhelmingly due to byproducts of tobacco
combustion. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) provide nicotine to users without …

Introduction Evidence suggests that cigarette smokers who switch to electronic nicotine
delivery systems (ENDS) reduce their exposure to harmful toxicants and carcinogens. It is …

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes are commonly known as (BTEX) and include
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air. Exposure to some BTEX has been …

While occupational exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been linked to
steatohepatitis and liver cancer in industrial workers, recent findings have also positively …