The tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the structure and function of
the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, TME modulation strategies have attracted …

Acidic metabolic waste products accumulate in the tumor microenvironment because of high
metabolic activity and insufficient perfusion. In tumors, the acidity of the interstitial space and …

Tumor heterogeneity is one of the hallmarks of cancer and a challenge in the field of
oncology. Tumor heterogeneity is the main cause of drug resistance, leading to therapeutic …

Metastasis is a complicated, multistep process that is responsible for over 90% of cancer-
related death. Metastatic disease or the movement of cancer cells from one site to another …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, which includes many different
types of cells, abnormal vascular systems, and immunosuppressive cytokines. TME serves …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a powerful approach for cancer therapy although good
responses are only observed in a fraction of cancer patients. Breast cancers caused by …

Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors that threaten human life with serious
incidence and high mortality. According to the histopathological characteristics, lung cancer …

Tumor development and progression require chemical and mechanical cues derived from
cellular and non-cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, including the …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of different cellular populations, such as
stromal, immune, endothelial, and cancer stem cells. TME represents a key factor for tumor …

Breast cancer progression is highly dependent on the heterotypic interaction between tumor
cells and stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes …