The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

In theory, in vitro and in vivo models for human gliomas have great potential to not only
enhance our understanding of glioma biology, but also to facilitate the development of novel …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models have been used in cancer research as an
intermediate model between in vitro cancer cell line cultures and in vivo tumor. Spherical …

The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long
recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor cells with initiating ability, self‐renewal potential, and
intrinsic resistance to conventional therapeutics. Efficient isolation and characterization of …

Solid cancers are not simple accumulations of malignant tumor cells but rather represent
complex organ-like structures. Despite a more chaotic general appearance as compared to …

Cryopreservation of tissues is a tough challenge. Cryopreservation is categorized into slow-
freezing and vitrification, and vitrification has recently been recognized as a suitable method …

Cancer remains a serious burden in society and while the pace in the development of novel
and more effective therapeutics is increasing, testing platforms that faithfully mimic the tumor …

Diagnostic and prognostic indicators are key components to achieve the goal of
personalized cancer therapy. Two distinct approaches to this goal include predicting …

The anticancer activity of compounds and nanoparticles is most often determined in the cell
monolayer. However, three-dimensional (3D) systems, such as tumor spheroids, are more …