Although chemotherapy can improve the overall survival and prognosis of cancer patients,
chemoresistance remains an obstacle due to the diversity, heterogeneity, and adaptability to …

Simple Summary According to Globocan 2020 data, approximately 308,102 new cases of
brain cancer and central nervous system (CNS) cancers were reported worldwide, with …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in adult males. However,
PCa is resistant to multi-kinase inhibitors-based anti-angiogenic therapies, and the …

L-lactate plays a critical role in learning and memory. Studies in rats showed that
administration of exogenous L-lactate into the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus …

Brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, acute ischemic stroke and brain
tumors, have become a major health problem and a huge burden on society with high …

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is considered as the most lethal tumor among CNS
malignancies. Although immunotherapy has achieved remarkable advances in cancer …

Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the molecular level is essential for
understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and evolution. However, the specificity of …

CD4+ T cells are effector T cells (Teffs) produced by the differentiation of initial T cells in
peripheral lymphoid tissue after being attacked by antigens, and have an indispensable role …

Growing evidence highlights that glycolysis and tumor-derived lactate could skew tumor-
associated macrophages (TAMs) toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. However, the …

MRS, including single-voxel spectroscopy and MR spectroscopic imaging, captures
metabolites in high-grade gliomas. Emerging evidence indicates that 7T MRS may be more …