▪ Abstract Many uses of gene trees implicitly assume that nominal species are monophyletic
in their alleles at the study locus. However, in well-sampled gene trees, certain alleles in one …

The natural transfer of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus generates nuclear copies of
mitochondrial DNA (numts) and is an ongoing evolutionary process, as genome sequences …

DNA was extracted from the Neandertal-type specimen found in 1856 in western Germany.
By sequencing clones from short overlapping PCR products, a hitherto unknown …

Nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have contaminated PCR-based
mitochondrial studies of over 64 different animal species. Since the last review of these …

I n the past two decades, two innovations have had great impact on molecular population
genetic studies, particularly as they affect animal evolutionary biology. First was the …

Inter-species and intraspecific variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were observed in a
bioinformatics analysis of the mitochondrial genomic sequences of 11 animal species. Some …

Genomes hold within them the record of the evolution of life on Earth. But genome fusions
and horizontal gene transfer seem to have obscured sufficiently the gene sequence record …

The extent of racemization of aspartic acid, alanine, and leucine provides criteria for
assessing whether ancient tissue samples contain endogenous DNA. In samples in which …

3 Present address: Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, USA. E-mail: msoren@ bu. edu ture (eg Quinn 1992). For reasons …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a pivotal tool in molecular ecology, evolutionary and
population genetics. The power of mtDNA analyses derives from a relatively high mutation …