Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are known as the most frequent
cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD), but are also present in sporadic cases. The …

Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt signal transduction pathway is involved in a large
number of human diseases. β-catenin, the key effector protein of the canonical Wnt pathway …

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are among the most significant genetic risk
factors for developing late onset Parkinson's disease (PD). To understand whether a …

Human urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) contain proteins from all nephron segments. An
assumption for years has been that uEVs might provide a noninvasive liquid biopsy that …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting about 10 million people
worldwide with a prevalence of about 2% in the over-80 population. The disease brings in …

Biomarkers and disease-modifying therapies are both urgent unmet medical needs in the
treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and must be developed concurrently because of their …

Expression or phosphorylation levels of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and its Rab
substrates have strong potential as disease or pharmacodynamic biomarkers. The main …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies are
released by cells, both under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs can participate …

LRRK2 and SNCA, the gene for α-synuclein, are the two of the most important genetic
factors of Parkinson's disease (PD). A-synuclein is aggregated and accumulated in neurons …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease around
the world. Current treatments alleviate the symptoms through the administration of drugs …