Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder. Currently, there is a lack of
effective treatment for the progressive form of MS, partly due to insensitive readout for …

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous
system presenting with significant inter-and intraindividual heterogeneity. However, the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and
it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage …

Interest in CD8+ T cells and B cells was initially inspired by observations in multiple
sclerosis rather than in animal models: CD8+ T cells predominate in multiple sclerosis …

Biomarkers can be thought of as multifaceted indicators of healthy status or of pathological
disorders. The study of multiple sclerosis can benefit from the use of biomarkers because of …

Oligoclonal Ig bands (OCBs) of the cerebrospinal fluid are a hallmark of multiple sclerosis
(MS), a disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). OCBs are …