Background In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis …

There has been a steep increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases, reaching epidemic
proportions and now affecting more than one billion people worldwide. These diseases are …

Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The
exposome can be classified into internal (eg, aging, hormones, and metabolic processes) …

There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular
mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and …

The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization.
Local microbial communities are shaped by the different characteristics of the specific …

Background Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR)
literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this …

The respiratory epithelium provides a physical, functional, and immunologic barrier to
protect the host from the potential harming effects of inhaled environmental particles and to …

Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants is a major contributor to the development and
progression of obstructive airway diseases, including asthma and COPD. Understanding the …

The main interfaces controlling and attempting to homeostatically balance communications
between the host and the environment are the epithelial barriers of the skin, gastrointestinal …

The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung
homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in …