To better understand vector‐borne disease dynamics, knowledge of the ecological
interactions between animal hosts, vectors, and pathogens is needed. The effects of hosts …

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most prevalent tick-borne human infection in Europe, with
increasing incidence during the latest decades. Abundant populations of Ixodes ricinus, the …

Because deer are considered to be incompetent reservoirs of the agent of Lyme disease
(Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto) in the northeastern United States, they may serve as …

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease and is caused by a group of bacteria
known as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) complex. Sharing the same genus as B …

Background Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most widespread hard tick-borne zoonosis in the
northern hemisphere. Existing studies in Europe have focused mainly on acarological risk …

Abstract The tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Linnaeus) is the main vector of several
pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi sl (agent of Lyme borreliosis) and tick‐borne …

Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and is often
caused by Borrelia afzelii, which is transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks. The prevalence and …

Revealing interactions between ticks and wild animals is vital for gaining insights into the
dynamics of tick-borne pathogens in the natural environment. We aimed to elucidate the …

Species composition and densities of wild ungulate communities in Europe have changed
over the last decades. As ungulates play an important role in the life-cycle of the tick species …

Understanding which factors determine tick‐borne disease hazard can contribute to effective
disease control. In Europe, the hazard of the pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sl and …