Autophagy is a process that targets various intracellular elements for degradation.
Autophagy can be non-selective—associated with the indiscriminate engulfment of cytosolic …

The microenvironment (local environment), including viscosity, temperature, polarity,
hypoxia, and acidic-basic status (pH), plays indispensable roles in cellular processes …

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading
and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism. Defects in genes …

Intracellular organelles are subsystems within a cell, whose activity and chemical
composition reflect the metabolic state of live cells. Alterations in cellular homeostasis …

Nanorobotic manipulation to access subcellular organelles remains unmet due to the
challenge in achieving intracellular controlled propulsion. Intracellular organelles, such as …

Accumulation of toxic protein aggregates—amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and
hyperphosphorylated tau tangles—is the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) …

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) affect essential functions not only in the CNS, but also
cause persistent gut dysfunctions, suggesting that they have an impact on both CNS and gut …

Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme that
is deficient in Gaucher's disease, are important and common risk factors for Parkinson's …

Photoluminescent cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes are now a well established class of
organometallic compounds with advantageous potential applications in biology and life …

Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease are characterized by the pathological
deposition of misfolded α‐synuclein aggregates into inclusions throughout the central and …