Background Drug memories become labile and reconsolidated after retrieval by
presentation of environmental cues (conditioned stimulus) or drugs (unconditioned …

The time-dependent increase in cue-triggered opioid seeking, termed “incubation of opioid
craving,” is modeled in rodents by examining responding for opioid-associated cues after a …

Introduction Oxytocin is a key mediator of emotional and social behavior that seems to be of
relevance for the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. We thus …

A diagnostic criterion for drug addiction, persistent drug‐craving continues to be the most
treatment‐resistant aspect of addiction that maintains the chronic, relapsing, nature of this …

A growing body of research provides compelling evidence that in rats 50-kHz USVs are a
form of expression of positive emotions. Context-induced 50-kHz USVs emission is variable …

Rationale Relapse into substance use is often triggered by exposure to drug-related
environmental cues. The magnitude of drug seeking depends on the duration of abstinence …

Nicotine robustly sustains smoking behavior by acting as a primary reinforcer and by
enhancing the incentive salience of the nicotine-associated stimuli. The motivational effects …

Abstract Background Herbal medicine Ja-Geum-Jeong (JGJ) has been used for the
treatment of detoxification in Eastern Asia. However, the mechanisms involved are not …

Amphetamine addiction is associated with maladaptive actions that promotes continued use
despite negative consequences, and a high risk of relapse even after protracted abstinence …

Relapse is a major challenge in treating drug addiction, and drug seeking progressively
increases after abstinence, a phenomenon termed “incubation of drug craving”. Previous …