Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the beta or alpha
subunits of the hemoglobin structure. Thalassemia is classified as a hypochromic microcytic …

Reelin was originally identified as a regulator of neuronal migration and synaptic function,
but its non-neuronal functions have received far less attention. Reelin participates in organ …

Increased life expectancy, attributed to improved access to healthcare and drug
development, has led to an increase in multimorbidity, a key contributor to polypharmacy …

In the last two decades, the study of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has
revealed a counterregulatory protective axis. This protective arm is characterized by …

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disease characterized by deficient expression and activity of
alpha-galactosidase A (α-GalA) with consequent lysosomal accumulation of …

The lymphatic system is an integral part of the circulatory system and plays an important role
in the fluid homeostasis of the human body. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). The
risk of all-cause mortality increases from 20% to 500% in patients who suffer both conditions; …

Kidneys are primarily sensitive to lead (Pb) poisoning due to their cardinal role in lead
excretion. Then, we studied the effect of glutamine (Gln) on lead nephrotoxicity in rats by …

Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of
proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress …

Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen
species/reactive nitrogen species and antioxidant systems. The interplay between these …