Intracellular pathogens have developed elaborate mechanisms to exploit the different
cellular systems of their unwilling hosts to facilitate their entry, replication, and survival. In …

B-cell activation plays a crucial part in the immune system and is initiated via interaction
between the B cell receptor (BCR) and specific antigens. In recent years with the help of …

Negative regulation of receptor signaling is essential for controlling cell activation and
differentiation. In B-lymphocytes, the down-regulation of B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) …

Rho GTPases are key regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics and organization.
Increasing evidence shows that many viruses have evolved diverse interactions with Rho …

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that are critically dependent on their hosts to
replicate and generate new progeny. To achieve this goal, viruses have evolved numerous …

ABSTRACT Phosphoinositides, particularly phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate [PI
(3, 4, 5) P3] and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate [PI (4, 5) P2], are recognized by …

SHIP2 is a phosphatase that acts at the 5‐position of phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5‐
trisphosphate. It is one of several enzymes that catalyse dephosphorylation at the 5‐position …

The main targets of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatocytes, the highly polarized cells of the
liver, and all the steps of its life cycle are tightly dependent on host lipid metabolism. The …

A recent large genome-wide association study has identified EGFR (encoding the epidermal
growth factor EGFR) as a new genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. SHIP2, encoded by …

Cell-to-cell transmission of vaccinia virus can be mediated by enveloped virions that remain
attached to the outer surface of the cell or those released into the medium. During egress …