The chemical identity of RNA molecules beyond the four standard ribonucleosides has
fascinated scientists since pseudouridine was characterized as the “fifth” ribonucleotide in …

Until recently, post-transcriptional modifications of RNA were largely restricted to noncoding
RNA species. However, this belief seems to have quickly dissipated with the growing …

The HIV-1 virion structural polyprotein, Gag, is directed to particle assembly sites at the
plasma membrane by its N-terminal matrix (MA) domain. MA also binds to host tRNAs. To …

Viruses hijack host functions to invade their target cells and spread to new cells. Specifically,
viruses learned to usurp liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS), a newly exploited …

The universal dihydrouridine (D) epitranscriptomic mark results from a reduction of uridine
by the Dus family of NADPH-dependent reductases and is typically found within the eponym …

The widespread oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB)-fold recognizes diverse
substrates from sugars to nucleic acids and proteins, and plays key roles in genome …

HIV-1 reverse transcription initiates at the primer binding site (PBS) in the viral genomic RNA
(gRNA). Although the structure of the PBS-segment undergoes substantial rearrangement …

Elucidation of the process of sex chromosome differentiation is necessary to understand the
dynamics of evolutionary mechanisms in organisms. The W sex chromosome of the …

The post-transcriptional reduction of uridine to dihydrouridine (D) by dihydrouridine
synthase (DUS) enzymes is among the most ubiquitous transformations in RNA biology. D is …

The left-handed Z-conformation of nucleic acids can be adopted by both DNA and RNA
when bound by Zα domains found within a variety of viral and innate immune response …