Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a broad
spectrum of clinical manifestations. The proposed pathophysiological hypotheses of SLE are …

For more than a century, certain bacterial infections that can breach the skin and mucosal
barriers have been implicated as common triggers of autoimmune syndromes, especially …

Importance Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease
characterized by inflammation and immune-mediated injury to multiple organ systems …

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is complex autoimmune disease with
heterogenous manifestations, unpredictable disease course and response to treatment. One …

The young age of onset and chronic/relapsing nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
make SLE patients prone to develop and accrue organ damage as a result of long-standing …

Introduction Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease that is
clinically heterogenous and may occur with or without the presence of systemic lupus …

The autoimmune inflammatory myopathy disease spectrum, commonly known as myositis, is
a group of systemic diseases that mainly affect the muscles, skin and lungs. Biomarker …

Fibroblasts are stromal cells known to regulate local immune responses important for wound
healing and scar formation; however, the cellular mechanisms driving damage and scarring …

Gluten sensitivity is defined as a chronic intolerance to gluten ingestion in genetically
predisposed individuals. The etiology is thought to be immune-mediated and has a variable …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease with significant
socioeconomic impact worldwide. Orderly energy metabolism is essential for normal …