It is considered a significant challenge to understand the neuronal cell death mechanisms
with a suitable cure for neurodegenerative disorders in the coming years. Calpains are one …

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several major chronic diseases, such as
cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, linked to oxidative …

Hedgehog, a developmental morphogen, and its downstream signalling have recently been
associated with metabolic control. Sonic hedgehog signalling (Shh) is a significant pathway …

The NOX family consists of seven isoenzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS)
from molecular oxygen. Changes in redox balance may impact disorders linked to metabolic …

Obesity, a prominent risk factor for the development of heart attacks and several
cardiovascular ailments. Obesity ranks as the second most significant avoidable contributor …

Chronic diabetes is commonly associated with the development of nephropathy, which is a
prevalent complication. Hyperglycemia is believed to initiate various biochemical …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) stands as a critical complication of diabetes mellitus, often
culminating in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The intricate molecular mechanisms …