Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and
experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer …

There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation,
progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that participates in a number of cellular
functions by controlling lipid metabolism, calcium stores, and proteostasis. Under stressful …

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease with a poor outlook for
patients in advanced stages. Immune cells play an important role in the progression of HCC …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), remains
as one of the major causes of vision loss worldwide. The release of pro-inflammatory …

Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), which comprises of two isozymes, SMS1 and SMS2, is the
only enzyme that generates sphingomyelin (SM) by transferring phosphocholine of …

Abstract Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine), which is generally considered as
pleiotropic and multitasking molecule, secretes from pineal gland at night under normal light …

Combined chemotherapy is a treatment method based on the simultaneous use of two or
more therapeutic agents; it is frequently necessary to produce a more effective treatment for …

There are several pathologies, syndromes, and physiological processes in which autophagy
is involved. This process of self‐digestion that cells trigger as a survival mechanism is …