Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) results in vasoconstriction,
muscular (vascular and cardiac) hypertrophy and fibrosis. Established arterial stiffness and …

Multiple drug classes have shown incremental benefits in heart failure with reduced ejection
fraction. Most of these trials were designed to achieve specific doses of the investigational …

Summary Background Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) are effective treatments for
patients with heart failure, but the relation between dose and clinical outcomes has not been …

Aims Heart failure (HF) pathophysiology is believed to be mediated by autonomic
dysfunction, including chronic sympathoexcitation and diminished baroreflex sensitivity …

Background—The role of angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with a systemic right
ventricle has not been elucidated. Methods and Results—We conducted a multicenter …

In recent decades, the most successful strategy for controlling blood pressure has been
inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitors of chemical synthesis …

Significance: Despite recent medical advances, cardiovascular disease and heart failure
(HF) continue to be major health concerns, and related mortality remains high. As a result …

Cardiovascular disease represents a continuum that starts with risk factors such as
hypertension and progresses to atherosclerosis, target organ damage, and ultimately to …

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is skyrocketing worldwide, and is closely associated
with serious morbidity and mortality. In particular, HF is one of the main causes for the …

OBJECTIVES:: To gain a better understanding of the scope and breadth of factors
associated with the B-type natriuretic peptides. DESIGN AND METHODS:: Databases were …