The regulation of RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription requires a complex and context-
specific array of proteins and protein complexes, as well as nucleic acids and metabolites …

The review begins with a concise description of the principles of phase separation. This is
followed by a comprehensive section on phase separation of chromatin, in which we recount …

Protein recruitment to DNA break sites is an integral part of the DNA damage response
(DDR). Elucidation of the hierarchy and temporal order with which DNA damage sensors as …

Phase separation is emerging as a paradigm to explain the self-assembly and organization
of membraneless bodies in the cell. Recent advances show that this principle also extends …

Cells generate and sense mechanical forces that trigger biochemical signals to elicit cellular
responses that control cell fate changes. Mechanical forces also physically distort …

Dynamic chromatin behavior plays a critical role in various genome functions. However, it
remains unclear how chromatin behavior changes during interphase, where the nucleus …

It is known that external mechanical forces can regulate structures and functions of living
cells and tissues in physiology and diseases. However, after cessation of the force, how …

Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromatin in the nucleus, restricting the binding of
transcription factors (TFs) to their target DNA sites. FOXA1 functions as a pioneer TF to bind …

Our understanding of the structure and function of mitotic chromosomes has come a long
way since these iconic objects were first recognized more than 140 years ago, though many …

Studies over the past decade have highlighted the key role of liquid–liquid phase separation
in cellular organization and function. Dynamic compartmentalization of transcription factors …