Natural killer (NK) cells, which are innate lymphocytes endowed with potent cytotoxic
activity, have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer therapeutics. While NK cells …

The metastasis is a multistep process in which a small proportion of cancer cells are
detached from the colony to enter into blood cells for obtaining a new place for metastasis …

Immune escape is a hallmark of cancer. The dynamic and heterogeneous tumour
microenvironment (TME) causes insufficient infiltration and poor efficacy of natural killer (NK) …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant innate immune cells
in tumors. TAMs, exhibiting anti-inflammatory phenotype, are key players in cancer …

Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic disease and
cytotoxic chemotherapy is the standard of care treatment for patients with advanced disease …

Tumor metastasis is an important reason for the difficulty of tumor treatment. Besides the
tumor cells themselves, the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the process …

Simple Summary The ability of the immune system to kill tumour cells is a natural and
extremely effective defence mechanism for fighting cancer. Cytotoxic-T-cells are a critical …

Simple Summary TAM receptors are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprising Tyro3,
Axl and MerTK. Their primary role is in digestion of dying cells by macrophages without …

The development and implementation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) in clinical
oncology have significantly improved the survival of a subset of cancer patients with …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal malignancy with an overall 5-year
survival rate of 10%. Disease lethality is due to late diagnosis, early metastasis and …