Background Concern about estrogen‐related adverse effects has led to progressive
reductions in the estrogen dose in combination oral contraceptives (COCs). However …

Introduction: The pharmacodynamic effects of various combined oral estrogen-progestin
combinations (COC) are examined for their components alone or in the various combined …

Use of oral contraceptives (OC) that combine a progestogen with synthetic ethinyl estradiol
(EE) is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. NOMAC/E2 is a new …

Objective Since its introduction 50 years ago, the contraceptive pill has continuously evolved
to decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with its use. An increased …

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) induce several changes in the levels of coagulation
factors. The levels of procoagulant factors are often increased, while levels of anticoagulant …

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to compare the effects of 0.02 mg ethinylestradiol
(EE)/2 mg chlormadinone acetate (CMA), given for 24 days each cycle, with those of 0.02 …

Obesity and exercise constitute important factors for cardiovascular disease risk, but the long-
term effects of different exercise modalities on haemostatic biomarkers are not well …

Hormonal contraception has recently drawn the attention of both national and international
Health Organizations mainly because of new data on the risk of venous and arterial …

Diet is important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and it has been suggested that
a high-MUFA diet is more cardioprotective than a low-fat diet. We hypothesised that the …

Oral contraceptive (OC) use influences the hemostatic system significantly and is a risk
factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Factor VII-activating protease (FSAP) has …