The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However,
auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the …

This review is concerned with the operation of circuits in the central auditory system, how
they transform response features and what functional significance may be attributed to those …

Interaural level differences (ILDs) provide salient cues for localizing high-frequency sounds
in space, and populations of neurons that are sensitive to ILDs are found at almost every …

The response latencies of sensory neurons typically shorten with increases in stimulus
intensity. In the central auditory system this phenomenon should have a significant impact …

Many studies of neuromodulators have focused on changes in the magnitudes of neural
responses, but fewer studies have examined neuromodulator effects on response latency …

The ability to differentiate and localize conspecific calls from the ambient soundscape is
particularly challenging for aquatic animals because of the increased wavelength, and …

The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc) receives a large number of convergent
inputs that are both excitatory and inhibitory. Although excitatory inputs typically are evoked …

We studied the temporal coding properties of identified interneurons in the auditory system
of crickets, using information theory as an analytical tool. The ascending neuron 1 (AN1) …

Neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), one of the major integrative centers of the auditory
system, process acoustic information converging from almost all nuclei of the auditory brain …

Glass micropipettes are widely used to record neural activity from single neurons or clusters
of neurons extracellularly in live animals. However, to date, there has been no …