The cholangiopathies are a group of liver diseases that affect cholangiocytes, the epithelial
cells that line the bile ducts. Biliary atresia (BA), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and …

Clinical, pathological, and imaging evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that a
smoldering inflammatory activity is present from the earliest stages of the disease and …

Immune checkpoints inhibition is a privileged approach to combat cancers and other human
diseases. The TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3) inhibitory …

Background Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LME) on T2-weighted Fluid-Attenuated
Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) MRI is a reported marker of leptomeningeal inflammation …

Simple Summary Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that affects the
central nervous system, and is the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological …

YKL-40 or Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a highly conserved glycoprotein that binds
heparin and chitin in a non-enzymatic manner. It is a member of the chitinase protein family …

pHERV-W ENV and syncytin-1, the envelope proteins of the human endogenous retrovirus
W family (HERV-W), have been proposed as etiological factors for MS development. In …

Objective The role of CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in predicting the clinical outcome of
multiple sclerosis is unclear. We explored the impact of CSF pleocytosis at diagnosis on …

Background: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is established on criteria according to
clinical and radiological manifestation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is an important …

Chitinase 3-like 1 (also known as CHI3L1 or YKL-40) is a mammalian chitinase that has no
enzymatic activity, but has the ability to bind to chitin, the polymer of N-acetylglucosamine …