Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple joints bilaterally.
It is characterized by an inflammation of the tendon (tenosynovitis) resulting in both cartilage …

The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell
populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the …

Background Lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
infections like influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and …

Natural killer (NK) cells, the large granular lymphocytes differentiated from the common
lymphoid progenitors, were discovered in early 1970's. They are members of innate …

The gut microbiota has diverse and essential roles in host metabolism, development of the
immune system and as resistance to pathogen colonization. Perturbations of the gut …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily targets
synovial joints, resulting in pain and functional limitations. It is the most common …

Importance Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite treatment with biologic
disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) therapy need treatment options. Objective …

Cytokines, many of which signal through the JAK–STAT (Janus kinase–Signal Transducers
and Activators of Transcription) pathway, play a central role in the pathogenesis of …

Osteoimmunology is a new subject which focuses on the communication between the
immune and the skeletal systems. Both the immune system and bone communicate with …

Pain is a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is mediated by inflammatory and non-
inflammatory mechanisms and negatively affects quality of life. Recent findings from a Phase …