Introduction: Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is causing
mortality in considerable proportion of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients …

Given the" inborn" nature of the innate immune system, it is surprising to find that innate
immune function does in fact change with age. Similar patterns of distinct Toll-like-receptor …

Components of the innate immune response, including neutrophils and macrophages, are
the first line of defense against infections. Their role is to initiate an inflammatory response …

Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune responders critical for viral clearance and
immunomodulation. Despite their vital role in viral infection, the contribution of NK cells in …

There are several pathologies, syndromes, and physiological processes in which autophagy
is involved. This process of self‐digestion that cells trigger as a survival mechanism is …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led
to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global health pandemic causing millions of deaths …

Objectives The immunological and inflammatory changes following acute COVID-19 are
hugely variable. Persistent clinical symptoms following resolution of initial infection, termed …

The consequences of influenza virus infection are generally more severe in individuals over
65 years of age (the elderly). Immunosenescence enhances the susceptibility to viral …

The neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)
both have a myriad of risk factors including genetics, environmental exposures, and lifestyle …

Citation Wira CR, Patel MV, Ghosh M, Mukura L, Fahey JV. Innate immunity in the human
female reproductive tract: endocrine regulation of endogenous antimicrobial protection …