The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Owing to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, and ability to protect labile
drugs, hydrogels are increasingly investigated as local drug delivery systems. However, a …

Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical
and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid …

Due to the continuous rise in biofilm‐related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human
health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens …

INTRODUCTION Vertebrate development comprises multiple complex morphogenetic
processes that shape the embryonic body plan through self-organization of pluripotent stem …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) has pleiotropic effects, ranging from cell adhesion to cell
survival. In tissue engineering, the use of ECM and ECM-like scaffolds has separated the …

Our understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of cardiogenesis is hindered by the
difficulties in modeling this complex organ currently by in vitro models. Here we develop a …

Introduction: Developing in vitro models for studying cell biology and cell physiology is of
great importance to the fields of biotechnology, cancer research, drug discovery, toxicity …

New generations of synthetic biomaterials are being developed at a rapid pace for use as
three-dimensional extracellular microenvironments to mimic the regulatory characteristics of …

Moving from cell monolayers to three-dimensional (3D) cultures is motivated by the need to
work with cellular models that mimic the functions of living tissues. Essential cellular …