Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of
extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different …

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a fundamental role in modulating
inflammation and in maintaining cell homeostasis. It primarily acts as an anti-inflammatory …

In a world in which life expectancy is increasing, understanding and promoting healthy
aging becomes a contemporary demand. In the elderly, a sterile, chronic and low-grade …

Inhalation of silica particles is an environmental and occupational cause of silicosis, a type
of pneumoconiosis. Development of the lung silicosis is a unique process in which the …

A hostile myocardial microenvironment post ischemic injury (myocardial infarction) plays a
decisive role in determining the fate of tissue-engineered approaches. Therefore …

Highlights•Hepatic stellate cell activation/myofibroblast transition is the main driver of liver
fibrosis.•Paracrine signals from adjacent cells induce stellate cell activation.•Alteration in …

Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible and progressive disease affecting the lungs, and the
etiology remains poorly understood. This disease can be lethal and currently has no specific …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with a poor prognosis. To date, the
pathogenesis of SSc is still unclear; moreover, its pathological conditions include …

Intestinal fibrosis is an important complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the
course of the development of fibrosis, certain parts of the intestine become narrowed …

Osteoarthritis (OA) was recently defined as an epidemic, and the lack of effective treatment is
highly correlated to the limited knowledge regarding the underlying pathophysiology. Failure …