Immune reactions are involved in both tumour and normal tissue in response to therapy.
Elevated secretion of certain chemokines, exosomes and cytokines triggers inflammation …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in the progression and
resistance of tumors to different anticancer drugs. TAMs can modulate the tumor …

Oral cancers consist of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and other malignancies in the
mouth with varying degrees of invasion and differentiation. For many years, different …

O-linked β-DN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), as a posttranslational modification (PTM), is
a reversible reaction that attaches β-N-GlcNAc to Ser/Thr residues on specific proteins by O …

Metformin is a widespread antidiabetic agent that is commonly used as a treatment against
type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Regarding its therapeutic potential, multiple studies have …

The efficient clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still a challenge
that demands the development of effective new drugs. Phenformin has been shown to …

Fibrosis and pneumonitis are the most important side effects of lung tissue following cancer
therapy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy by some drugs, such as bleomycin, can induce …

(1) Background: Epiregulin (EREG) is a ligand of EGFR and ErB4 involved in the
development and the progression of various cancers including head and neck squamous …

Drug resistance is a hot topic issue in cancer research and therapy. Although cancer therapy
including radiotherapy and anti‐cancer drugs can kill malignant cells within the tumor …

Background Metformin is the most frequently prescribed medication for the treatment of type
II diabetes mellitus and has played an anti-tumor potential in a variety of cancer types …