Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primary multipotent cells capable of
differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes when stimulated under …

Mitokines are signaling molecules that enable communication of local mitochondrial stress
to other mitochondria in distant cells and tissues. Among those molecules are FGF21 …

Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used in
treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as asthma, edema, and chest tightness …

Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin have been illustrated, including
antiinflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer properties. In recent years, the antioxidant …

Gallic acid (GA), a dietary phenolic acid with potent antioxidant activity, is widely distributed
in edible plants. GA has been applied in the food industry as an antimicrobial agent, food …

Ongoing efforts to generate a complete and accurate annotation of the genome have
revealed a significant blind spot for small proteins (< 100 amino acids) originating from short …

Simple Summary Humanin is a small mitochondrial-derived peptide still under study, with a
number of potential therapeutic applications for various age-related diseases. It plays an …

The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative
stress-induced damage. Its activation entails the expression and transcriptional regulation of …

Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are small peptides hidden in the mitochondrial DNA,
maintaining mitochondrial function and protecting cells under different stresses. Currently …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem that can affect various systems in
the human body. Renal failure promotes mechanisms of premature cellular aging and also …