Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving field focused on fabricating nanoscale objects for
industrial, cosmetic, and therapeutic applications. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self …

EBV is a prevalent virus, infecting> 90% of the world's population. This is an oncogenic virus
that causes~ 200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. It is, in addition, a significant …

The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to
their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional diversity. In particular …

The repertoire of naturally presented peptides within the MHC (major histocompatibility
complex) or HLA (human leukocyte antigens) system on the cellular surface of every …

Immunization has the potential to become a viable weapon for the upcoming pandemic and
save millions of lives, while also dramatically lowering the high mortality rate brought on by a …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty, nanoscale structures morphologically resembling
viruses. Internal cavity, noninfectious, and particulate nature with a high density of repeating …

Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system to fight cancer, has begun to
make a breakthrough in clinical applications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the bridge linking …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently a major challenge in medicine. One
reason is the presence of the blood–brain barrier, which is a significant limitation for …

The efficacy of cancer therapies is limited to a great extent by immunosuppressive
mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Numerous immune escape …

ABSTRACT Viral protein nanoparticles (ViP NPs) such as virus-like particles and virosomes
are structures halfway between viruses and synthetic nanoparticles. The biological nature of …