Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder characterized by vascular
remodeling and a consequent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The histologic …

Chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (CHPH) presents a complex challenge,
characterized by escalating pulmonary vascular resistance and remodeling, threatening …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease that is
characterized by vascular remodeling of the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary vascular …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial lung diseases,
which mainly existed in middle-aged and elderly people. The accumulation of reactive …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by autoimmunity,
vasculopathy, and fibrosis which affects the skin and internal organs. One key aspect of SSc …

Background Metabolic abnormalities and immune inflammation are deeply involved in
pulmonary vascular remodelling and the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) …

Excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs)
represent key steps of pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to the development of …

The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract,
which plays a vital role in human health. It is intricately involved in the metabolism, and it …

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a debilitating disease
characterized by thrombotic occlusion of pulmonary arteries and vasculopathy, leading to …

Pregnancy complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and
dangerous condition for both the mother and the fetus. Pregnancy-specific alterations in the …