Some birds achieve primate-like levels of cognition, even though their brains tend to be
much smaller in absolute size. This poses a fundamental problem in comparative and …

Evolvability is best addressed from a multi-level, macroevolutionary perspective through a
comparative approach that tests for among-clade differences in phenotypic diversification in …

Symmorphosis is a concept of economy of biological design, whereby structural properties
are matched to functional demands. According to symmorphosis, biological structures are …

Dunkleosteus terrelli, an arthrodire placoderm, is one of the most widely recognized fossil
vertebrates due to its large size and status as one of the earliest vertebrate apex predators …

Fossil-rich deposits from the Middle and Late Jurassic of China have yielded a diverse array
of sauropod dinosaurs, including numerous species referred to Mamenchisaurus and …

Tanystropheus longobardicus is one of the most remarkable and iconic Triassic reptiles.
Mainly known from the Middle Triassic conservation Lagerstätte of Monte San Giorgio on the …

The sauropod genus Mamenchisaurus, from the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous of East
Asia, has a convoluted taxonomic history. Although included in the first cladistic analysis of …

Humans and animals are able to generalize or transfer information from previous
experience so that they can behave appropriately in novel situations. What mechanisms …

The flexibility and posture of the neck in sauropod dinosaurs has long been contentious.
Improved constraints on sauropod neck function will have major implications for what we …

The unique avian vocal organ, the syrinx, is located at the caudal end of the trachea.
Although a larynx is also present at the opposite end, birds phonate only with the syrinx …