The free radicals along with several reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen
species (RNS) are known to play a dual role in the biological living system which carries a …

Oxidative stress is a complex chemical and physiological phenomenon that accompanies
virtually all biotic and abiotic stresses in higher plants and develops as a result of …

In plant cells, as in most eukaryotic organisms, peroxisomes are probably the major sites of
intracellular H2O2 production, as a result of their essentially oxidative type of metabolism. In …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plants as byproducts during many
metabolic reactions, such as photosynthesis and respiration. Oxidative stress occurs when …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of normal cell metabolism in plants;
however, under stress conditions, the balance between production and elimination is …

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important signal molecule involved in plant
development and environmental responses. Changes in H2O2 availability can result from …

Plants are confronted with a variety of environmenmtal stresses resulting in enhanced
production of ROS. Plants require a threshold level of ROS for vital functions and any …

Traditionally, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) were considered to be toxic by-products
of aerobic metabolism, which were disposed of using antioxidants. However, in recent years …

Based on the origin, we can classify different types of stress. Environmental factors, such as
high light intensity, adverse temperature, drought, or soil salinity, are summarized as abiotic …

The relationship between cellular redox imbalances leading to oxidative stress and metal
toxicity in plants has been studied intensely over the past decades. This interdependency …