In the medicinal leech, a rhythmically active 14-interneuron network composes the central
pattern generator for heartbeat. In two segmental ganglia, bilateral pairs of reciprocally …

Chez les vertébrés, le système endocrinien est basé sur l'échange de signaux chimiques
entre les neurones et les structures endocriniennes. Le résultat final peut être obtenu via les …

The pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster Panulirus interruptus is a
model system used to understand how motor networks change their output to produce a …

The endogenous neuropeptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) can accelerate the
oscillation of reciprocally inhibitory pairs of interneurons that pace heartbeat in the medicinal …

In the best studied cases (Aplysia feeding, crustacean stomatogastric system), peptidergic
modulation is mediated by large numbers of peptides. Furthermore, in Aplysia, excitatory …

Although individual neurons can be intrinsically oscillatory and can be network pacemakers,
motor patterns are often generated in a more distributed manner. Synaptic connections with …

Ion channel modulation by the peptide myomodulin (MM) has been demonstrated in a wide
variety of organisms including Aplysia, Lymnaea, and Pleurobranchaea. This neural and …

Life-supporting rhythmic motor functions like heart-beating in invertebrates and breathing in
vertebrates require an indefatigable generation of a robust rhythm by specialized oscillatory …

Hyperpolarizing responses in neuropil glial cells evoked by nerve root stimulation were
studied in the central nervous system of the leech Hirudo medicinalis using intracellular …

Life-supporting rhythmic motor functions like heart-beating in invertebrates and breathing in
vertebrates require an indefatigable generation of a robust rhythm by specialized oscillatory …