Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

Every cell in nature carries a rich surface coat of glycans, its glycocalyx, which constitutes
the cell's interface with its environment. In eukaryotes, the glycocalyx is composed of …

Emergence of the field of exosome biology has opened an exciting door to better
understand communication between cells. These tiny nanovesicles act as potent regulators …

Glycosylation is a very frequent and functionally important post-translational protein
modification that undergoes profound changes in cancer. Growth and death factor receptors …

As an anti-adhesive, a reservoir for key biological molecules, and a modulator of signaling,
polysialic acid (polySia) is critical for nervous system development and maintenance …

Polysialic acid (polySia, PSA) is a unique constituent of the glycocalyx on the surface of
bacterial and vertebrate cells. In vertebrates, its biosynthesis is highly regulated, not only in …

Sialic acids (Sia) are involved in many biological activities and frequently exist as monosialyl
residues at the non-reducing terminal end of glycoconjugates. Occasionally, polymerized …

Human adenovirus 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three known HAdVs equipped with both a
long and a short fiber protein. While the long fiber binds to the coxsackie and adenovirus …

Lactoferrin (Lf) is a sialic acid (Sia)-rich, iron-binding milk glycoprotein that has
multifunctional health benefits. Its potential role in neurodevelopment and cognition remains …

As acidic glycocalyx on primary mouse microglial cells and a mouse microglial cell line Ra2,
expression of polysialic acid (polySia/PSA), a polymer of the sialic acid Neu5Ac (N …