The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has not eliminated HIV-1
infection of the central nervous system (CNS) or the occurrence of HIV-associated …

Nearly 50% of HIV-infected individuals suffer from some form of HIV-associated
neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HIV-1 Tat (a key HIV t rans a ctivator of t ranscription) …

While the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has dramatically increased the
life expectancy of HIV-1 infected individuals, paradoxically, however, the prevalence of HIV …

Microglial cells maintain the immunological integrity of the healthy brain and can exert
protection from traumatic injury. During ischemic tissue damage such as stroke, peripheral …

HIV tat is the transactivator of HIV-1, supporting efficient viral replication by stabilizing the
transcription of viral genes. Tat can be released from HIV-infected cells and alter several …

Marked improvements in survival and health outcome for people infected with HIV have
occurred since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy over a decade ago. Yet HIV …

HIV encephalitis (HIVE) is accompanied by brain inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and
glial activation, and HIV patients who abuse opiates are more likely to develop HIVE. To …

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) make up 8% of the human genome. The
expression of HERV-K (HML-2), the family of HERVs that most recently entered the genome …

Over the past two decades, there has been a significant amount of research investigating the
risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with regards to …

While the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has dramatically increased the
lifespan of people living with HIV-1 paradoxically, the prevalence of NeuroHIV in people …